Black Self-Empowerment: From The Crisis to the Black Panthers, 1920s–1990s

The history of new, radical art in the twentieth century and the history of struggle for social change, equality, and human rights are inexorably linked. This principle has long guided my curatorial and collecting practice. It is reflected in my focus on areas such as the Russian Revolution, Spanish Civil War, American Anti-War, and Pride. I acquired portraits, paintings, and political works by Black artists and activists over many years. Black Panther materials that I collected prior to 2014 were published here. A selection of these and other works were displayed in the exhibition Art as Activism: Graphic Art from the Merrill C. Berman Collection at the New York Historical Society in 2015. Since that time, my collection of works by Black artists has continued to grow and evolve. Recent events prompt us to present this modest survey, which offers a historical context, a sense of déjà vu, and simultaneous feelings of frustration and hope. The some one hundred works presented here are just a sampling of the Collection’s broader holdings in this area, which can be viewed here.

- Merrill C. Berman

Note: Due to the COVID-19 crisis, this online exhibition was prepared without physical access to the works themselves or to reference libraries. Until updates are possible, uncertain or missing information appears here in [square brackets].

Portraits

Photographer unknown Joe Louis, June 13, 1946 Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown 8 x 6” (20.3 x 15.2 cm) — **Photographer unknown**
Joe Louis, June 13, 1946
Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown
8 x 6” (20.3 x 15.2 cm)

Flip Schulke (American, 1930-2008) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963 Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown 11 x 14” (27.9 x 35.6 cm) — **Flip Schulke** (American, 1930-2008)
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963
Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown
11 x 14” (27.9 x 35.6 cm)

Flip Schulke (American, 1930-2008) Myrlie Evers (née Beasley) at the funeral of her husband Medgar Evers, Jackson, Mississippi, June 19, 1963 Gelatin silver print, printed 1976 14 x 11” (35.6 x 27.9 cm) — **Flip Schulke** (American, 1930-2008)
Myrlie Evers (née Beasley) at the funeral of her husband Medgar Evers, Jackson, Mississippi, June 19, 1963
Gelatin silver print, printed 1976
14 x 11” (35.6 x 27.9 cm)

Jeffery Blankfort (American, born 1934), photograph Black Panther Party poster: Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information, 1968 Lithograph  17 7/8 x 22 11/16” (45.4 x 57.6 cm) — **Jeffery Blankfort** (American, born 1934), photograph
Black Panther Party poster: Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information, 1968
Lithograph
17 7/8 x 22 11/16” (45.4 x 57.6 cm)

Arthur L. Ward ([American], 1928-2014) Press photograph of Malcolm X speaking at a press conference with Louis Farrakhan by his side, New York, May 1963 Gelatin silver print, printed at unknown later date 11 x 14” (27.9 x 35.6 cm) — **Arthur L. Ward** ([American], 1928-2014)
Press photograph of Malcolm X speaking at a press conference with Louis Farrakhan by his side, New York, May 1963
Gelatin silver print, printed at unknown later date
11 x 14” (27.9 x 35.6 cm)

Photographer unknown Black Panther Party poster: Huey P. Newton, c. 1970 Lithograph 29 x 23” (73.7 x 58.4 cm) — **Photographer unknown**
Black Panther Party poster: Huey P. Newton, c. 1970
Lithograph
29 x 23” (73.7 x 58.4 cm)

1920s

The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races (New York; 1910-present). Organ of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963), founding editor and editor until 1934.

Designer unknown Journal cover: The Crisis (March 1928) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *The Crisis* (March 1928)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown Journal cover: The Crisis. Children’s Number (October 1928) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *The Crisis*. Children’s Number (October 1928)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown; Vivian Schuyler Key (American, 1905-1990), illustration Journal cover: The Crisis. For this New Year, O Lord (January 1929) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**; **Vivian Schuyler Key** (American, 1905-1990), illustration
Journal cover: *The Crisis*. For this New Year, O Lord (January 1929)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown Journal cover: The Crisis. Education Number (August 1928) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *The Crisis*. Education Number (August 1928)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown Journal cover: The Crisis (November 1928) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *The Crisis* (November 1928)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown; Vivian Schuyler Key (American, 1905-1990), illustration Journal cover: The Crisis (February 1929) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**; **Vivian Schuyler Key** (American, 1905-1990), illustration
Journal cover: *The Crisis* (February 1929)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown; Joyce Carrington [nationality, life dates], illustration Journal cover: The Crisis (September 1928) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**; **Joyce Carrington** [nationality, life dates], illustration
Journal cover: *The Crisis* (September 1928)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown; Laura Wheeler Waring (American, 1887-1948), illustration Journal cover: The Crisis (Christmas 1928) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**; **Laura Wheeler Waring** (American, 1887-1948), illustration
Journal cover: *The Crisis* (Christmas 1928)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

Designer unknown; Ellis Wilson (American, 1899-1977), illustration Journal cover: The Crisis (March 1929) 11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm) [Lithograph] — **Designer unknown**; **Ellis Wilson** (American, 1899-1977), illustration
Journal cover: *The Crisis* (March 1929)
11 3/4 x 8 1/2” (29.8 x 21.6 cm)
[Lithograph]

1930s

Labor Defender (New York; 1926–1937). Organ of the American section of the Communist International (Comintern). J. Lois Engdahl (1884-1932), editor.

Designer unknown Journal cover: Labor Defender. Dreiser on Scottsboro (June 1931) Lithograph  12 1/8 x 9 1/8” (30.8 x 23.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *Labor Defender*. Dreiser on Scottsboro (June 1931)
Lithograph
12 1/8 x 9 1/8” (30.8 x 23.2 cm)

Designer unknown Journal cover: Labor Defender. War in the Coal Fields by Wm. Z. Foster. Scottsboro’s Testimony by John Dos Passos (July 1931) Lithograph 12 1/8 x 9 1/8” (30.8 x 23.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *Labor Defender*. War in the Coal Fields by Wm. Z. Foster. Scottsboro’s Testimony by John Dos
Passos (July 1931)
Lithograph
12 1/8 x 9 1/8” (30.8 x 23.2 cm)

Designer unknown Journal cover: Labor Defender. Free the Scottsboro Negro Boys! (February 1932) Lithograph 12 1/8 x 9 1/8” (30.8 x 23.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Journal cover: *Labor Defender*. Free the Scottsboro Negro Boys! (February 1932)
Lithograph
12 1/8 x 9 1/8” (30.8 x 23.2 cm)

Communist Presidential Ticket 1932: William Z. Foster and James W. Ford.

Designer unknown Poster: Demand Unemployment Insurance Relief. Vote Communist, 1932 Letterpress 22 x 17” (55.8 x 43.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Demand Unemployment Insurance Relief. Vote Communist, 1932
Letterpress
22 x 17” (55.8 x 43.2 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: Equal Rights for Negroes Everywhere! Vote Communist, 1932 Lithograph and letterpress 26 9/16 x 19 1/4” (67.5 x 48.9 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Equal Rights for Negroes Everywhere! Vote Communist, 1932
Lithograph and letterpress
26 9/16 x 19 1/4” (67.5 x 48.9 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: Vote Communist for a Workers and Farmers Government, 1932 Lithograph and letterpress 21 3/4 x 16 3/4” (55.2 x 42.5 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Vote Communist for a Workers and Farmers Government, 1932
Lithograph and letterpress
21 3/4 x 16 3/4” (55.2 x 42.5 cm)

Paintings

Palmer Hayden (American, 1890–1973) Spirituals (Dreams), c. 1935 Watercolor and graphite on paper 14 11/16 × 9 1/2” (37.3 × 24.1 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Whitney Museum of American Art, New York — **Palmer Hayden** (American, 1890–1973)
*Spirituals* (*Dreams*), c. 1935
Watercolor and graphite on paper
14 11/16 × 9 1/2” (37.3 × 24.1 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Whitney Museum of American Art, New York

Joseph Delaney (American, 1904-1991) Harlem, NY 1934, c. 1935 Watercolor on paper 15 x 11” (38.1 × 27.9 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown — **Joseph Delaney** (American, 1904-1991)
*Harlem, NY 1934*, c. 1935
Watercolor on paper
15 x 11” (38.1 × 27.9 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown

Charles Wilbert White (American, 1918-1979) Untitled (Seated Woman), c. 1939 Oil monotype on cream wove paper 9 x 7” (22.8 x 17.9 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York — **Charles Wilbert White** (American, 1918-1979)
Untitled (Seated Woman), c. 1939
Oil monotype on cream wove paper
9 x 7” (22.8 x 17.9 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York

1940s

Paintings

Horace Pippin (American, 1888-1946) Sunday Morning Breakfast, 1943 Oil on fabric 16 x 20” (40.6 × 50.8 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Saint Louis Art Museum — **Horace Pippin** (American, 1888-1946)
*Sunday Morning Breakfast*, 1943
Oil on fabric
16 x 20” (40.6 × 50.8 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Saint Louis Art Museum

John Biggers (American, 1924-2001) The Garbage Man, 1944 Oil on panel 33 x 40” (83.8 x 101.6 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville — **John Biggers** (American, 1924-2001)
*The Garbage Man*, 1944
Oil on panel
33 x 40” (83.8 x 101.6 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville

William H. Johnson (American, 1901-1970) Children (Three Girls), 1941 Oil and pencil on wood panel 17 1/2 x 12 1/2” (44.5 x 31.8) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York — **William H. Johnson** (American, 1901-1970)
*Children* (*Three Girls*), 1941
Oil and pencil on wood panel
17 1/2 x 12 1/2” (44.5 x 31.8)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York

Eldzier Cortor (American, 1916-2015) Drawing for Southern Gate, 1942–43 Ink on paper 28 1/2 × 13 1/2” (72.4 × 34.3 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York — **Eldzier Cortor** (American, 1916-2015)
Drawing for *Southern Gate,* 1942–43
Ink on paper
28 1/2 × 13 1/2” (72.4 × 34.3 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York

John Biggers (American, 1924-2001) Victim of the City Streets, #2, 1946 Oil on canvas 40 x 20” (101.6 × 50.8 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville — **John Biggers** (American, 1924-2001)
*Victim of the City Streets, #2*, 1946
Oil on canvas
40 x 20” (101.6 × 50.8 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville

William H. Johnson (American, 1901-1970) Homesteaders, c. 1942 Gouache, ink, and pencil on paper 19 x 15 3/8” (48.3 x 39.1 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York — **William H. Johnson** (American, 1901-1970)
*Homesteaders*, c. 1942
Gouache, ink, and pencil on paper
19 x 15 3/8” (48.3 x 39.1 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Museum of Modern Art, New York

Eldzier Cortor (American, 1916-2015) The Room No. VI, 1948 Oil and gesso on Masonite 42 1/4 × 31 1/2" (107.3 × 80 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Art Institute of Chicago — **Eldzier Cortor** (American, 1916-2015)
*The Room No. VI,* 1948
Oil and gesso on Masonite
42 1/4 × 31 1/2" (107.3 × 80 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Art Institute of Chicago

John Biggers (American, 1924-2001) Mother and Children, 1947 Conte crayon and gouache on board 31 x 23” (78.7 x 58.4 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown — **John Biggers** (American, 1924-2001)
*Mother and Children*, 1947
Conte crayon and gouache on board
31 x 23” (78.7 x 58.4 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown

1950s

Paintings

Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917-2000) Makeup (Dressing Room), 1952 Egg tempera on hardboard 20 x 24” (50.8 x 61 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection — **Jacob Lawrence** (American, 1917-2000)
*Makeup* (*Dressing Room*), 1952
Egg tempera on hardboard
20 x 24” (50.8 x 61 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection

1960s

Paintings

Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917-2000) Northbound, 1962 Tempera on board 24 x 30” (61 x 76.2 cm) Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection — **Jacob Lawrence** (American, 1917-2000)
*Northbound*, 1962
Tempera on board
24 x 30” (61 x 76.2 cm)
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection

Malcolm X (1925-1965)

Photographer unknown Press photograph of Malcolm X issued after his comments on the Kennedy assassination, New York, December 5, 1963 Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown 8 1/2 x 6 1/2” (21.6 x 16.5 cm) — **Photographer unknown**
Press photograph of Malcolm X issued after his comments on the Kennedy assassination, New York, December 5, 1963
Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown
8 1/2 x 6 1/2” (21.6 x 16.5 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: A Memorial to Brother Malcolm X, 1968 [medium] 18 1/4 x 12” (46.4 x 30.5 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: A Memorial to Brother Malcolm X, 1968
[medium]
18 1/4 x 12” (46.4 x 30.5 cm)

James Meredith (born 1933)

Jack R. Thornell (American, born 1939) Press photograph of the shooting of James Meredith on the March Against Fear, June 7, 1966 Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown 5 3/4 x 8 1/2” (14.6 x 21.6 cm) — **Jack R. Thornell** (American, born 1939)
Press photograph of the shooting of James Meredith on the March Against Fear, June 7, 1966
Gelatin silver print, date of print unknown
5 3/4 x 8 1/2” (14.6 x 21.6 cm)

The Eugene B. Sloan civil rights Collection

Eugene B. Sloan (American, 1922-1969) was a reporter and photographer for The State newspaper (Columbia, South Carolina). He made the following three recordings during his coverage of the civil rights movement.

Eugene B. Sloan Reel-to-reel audio recording of speech by Robert E. Scoggin, South Carolina United Klans of America Grand Dragon, at a rally in Ravenel, South Carolina, July 29, 1967 [the date “July 30, 1967” inscribed on the box is an error] Audio — **Eugene B. Sloan**
Reel-to-reel audio recording of speech attributed to **Robert E. Scoggin**, South Carolina United Klans of America Grand Dragon, at a rally in Ravenel, South Carolina, July 29, 1967 [the date “July 30, 1967” inscribed on the box is an error]
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
Audio

Eugene B. Sloan Reel-to-reel audio recording of speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., County Hall, Charleston, South Carolina, July 30, 1967 Audio — **Eugene B. Sloan**
Reel-to-reel audio recording of speech by **Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.**, County Hall, Charleston, South Carolina, July 30, 1967
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
Audio

Eugene B. Sloan Reel-to-reel audio recording of speech by Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, speaking during the Charleston Hospital Workers’ Strike, South Baptist Church, Charleston, South Car… — **Eugene B. Sloan**
Reel-to-reel audio recording of speech by **Reverend Ralph David Abernathy**, President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, speaking during the Charleston Hospital Workers’ Strike, South Baptist Church, Charleston, South Carolina, March 31, 1969 [the date “April 1, 1969” typed on the box is an error]
Formerly Merrill C. Berman Collection; now The Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
Audio

Black Panther Party (founded October 1966)

Designer unknown Black Panther Party poster: An Attack Against One Is An Attack Against All. The Slaughter of Black People Must Be Stopped! By Any Means Necessary! Distributed by the Robert Brown Elliott League, c. 1968-69 Lithograph 22 1/2 x 17 5/8… — **Designer unknown**
Black Panther Party poster: An Attack Against One Is An Attack Against All. The Slaughter of Black People Must Be Stopped! By Any Means Necessary! Distributed by the Robert Brown Elliott League, c. 1968-69
Lithograph
22 1/2 x 17 5/8” (57.2 x 44.8 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party greeting card with Huey P. Newton quote: “An unarmed people are slaves, or subjected to slavery at any given time,” c. 1968-1973 [Offset lithograph] 7 x 5” (17.8 x 12.7 cm), folded — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party greeting card with Huey P. Newton quote: “An unarmed people are slaves, or subjected to slavery at any given time,” c. 1968-1973
[Offset lithograph]
7 x 5” (17.8 x 12.7 cm), folded

Designer unknown Black Panther Party poster: Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in front of Black Panther Party Headquarters, 1967 Lithograph 28 3/8 x 23 1/16” (72.1 x 58.6 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Black Panther Party poster: Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in front of Black Panther Party Headquarters, 1967
Lithograph
28 3/8 x 23 1/16” (72.1 x 58.6 cm)

Designer unknown Front of hand-painted double-sided sign: BPP [Black Panther Party] for SD [Self-Defense], Free Huey & Eldridge, c. May-June 1968 [Gouache] on board 21 1/4” (54 cm), diameter — **Designer unknown**
Front of hand-painted double-sided sign: BPP [Black Panther Party] for SD [Self-Defense], Free Huey & Eldridge, c. May-June 1968
[Gouache] on board
21 1/4” (54 cm), diameter

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party greeting card with Eldridge Cleaver quote: “Revolution In Our Lifetime,” c. 1968-1973 [Offset lithograph] 7 x 5” (17.8 x 12.7 cm), folded — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party greeting card with Eldridge Cleaver quote: “Revolution In Our Lifetime,” c. 1968-1973
[Offset lithograph]
7 x 5” (17.8 x 12.7 cm), folded

Designer unknown Black Panther Party poster: Free the Panthers, 1969 Lithograph 21 3/8 x 14 3/4” (54.3 x 37.5 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Black Panther Party poster: Free the Panthers, 1969
Lithograph
21 3/8 x 14 3/4” (54.3 x 37.5 cm)

Designer unknown Back of hand-painted double-sided sign: Peace and Freedom, c. May-June 1968 [Gouache] on board 21 1/4” (54 cm), diameter — **Designer unknown**
Back of hand-painted double-sided sign: Peace and Freedom, c. May-June 1968
[Gouache] on board
21 1/4” (54 cm), diameter

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party greeting card with Bobby Seale quote: “Fascism breeds when the lazy, tricking, demagogue politicians lie and mislead people about the suffering that Black People are subjected to,” c. 1968-1973… — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party greeting card with Bobby Seale quote: “Fascism breeds when the lazy, tricking, demagogue politicians lie and mislead people about the suffering that Black People are subjected to,” c. 1968-1973
[Offset lithograph]
7 x 5” (17.8 x 12.7 cm), folded

Black Panther Co-Founder and Minister of Defense: Huey P. Newton (1942–1989)

[Blair Stapp] [nationality, dates], photograph Black Panther Party poster: Huey P. Newton, Black Panther Minister of Defense, c. 1967-1968 Lithograph 35 x 22 15/16” (88.9 x 58.3 cm) — [**Blair Stapp**] [nationality, dates], photograph
Black Panther Party poster: Huey P. Newton, Black Panther Minister of Defense, c. 1967-1968
Lithograph
35 x 22 15/16” (88.9 x 58.3 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: Huey Newton For U.S. Congress, 1968 Lithograph 23 x 17 1/2” (58.4 x 44.5 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Huey Newton For U.S. Congress, 1968
Lithograph
23 x 17 1/2” (58.4 x 44.5 cm)

Designer unknown Book cover: The Genius of Huey P. Newton. Eldridge Cleaver, introduction [San Francisco]: [BP] Ministry of Information, c. 1970 9 3/4 x 6 3/8” (24.7 x 16.1 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Book cover: *The Genius of Huey P. Newton*. Eldridge Cleaver, introduction
[San Francisco]: [BP] Ministry of Information, c. 1970
9 3/4 x 6 3/8” (24.7 x 16.1 cm)

Black Panther Co-Founder and Chairman: Bobby Seale (born 1936)

Designer unknown [Poster:] [Profit and Loss / Bobby Seale], 1960s-1970s [Lithograph]  16 1/4 x 22” (41.3 x 55.9 cm) — **Designer unknown**
[Poster:] [Profit and Loss / Bobby Seale], 1960s-1970s
[Lithograph]
16 1/4 x 22” (41.3 x 55.9 cm)

Stephen Shames (American, born 1947), photographer Poster: [related to Bobby Seale’s 1970 memoir] Seize the Time, 1970 Silkscreen on continuous computer printer paper 21 3/4 x 14 3/4” (55.2 x 37.5 cm) — **Stephen Shames** (American, born 1947), photographer
Poster: [related to Bobby Seale’s 1970 memoir] *Seize the Time*, 1970
Silkscreen on continuous computer printer paper
21 3/4 x 14 3/4” (55.2 x 37.5 cm)

Designer unknown Flyer: Bobby Seale Brigades, 1960s-1970s Lithograph  10 7/8 x 17” (27.6 x 43.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Flyer: Bobby Seale Brigades, 1960s-1970s
Lithograph
10 7/8 x 17” (27.6 x 43.2 cm)

Designer unknown Revolutionary Contingent Statewide Antiwar March... Free Bobby Seale, Victory to NLF and Pathet Lao, 1970 [Lithograph and letterpress] 13 3/8 x 18 7/8” (34 x 47.9 x 34 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Revolutionary Contingent Statewide Antiwar March... Free Bobby Seale, Victory to NLF and
Pathet Lao, 1970
[Lithograph and letterpress]
13 3/8 x 18 7/8” (34 x 47.9 x 34 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: The Oppressor May Jail Our Warriors, but the People Will Move Against Their Jailer. Free Bobby Seale!, c. 1969 Silkscreen 22 x 17” (55.9 x 43.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: The Oppressor May Jail Our Warriors, but the People Will Move Against Their Jailer. Free Bobby Seale!, c. 1969
Silkscreen
22 x 17” (55.9 x 43.2 cm)

Floyd Sowell [nationality, life dates], art, and Dorothy E. Hayes (American, 1935-2015), design Poster: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”—Martin Luther King, 1971 [medium] 29 7/8 x 22” (76 x 55.9 cm) — **Floyd Sowell** [nationality, life dates], art, and **Dorothy E. Hayes** (American, 1935-2015), design
Poster: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”—Martin Luther King, 1971
[medium]
29 7/8 x 22” (76 x 55.9 cm)

Black Panther Leader and Minister of Information: Eldridge Cleaver (1935– 1998)

Designer unknown Poster: Cleaver for President, 1968 Silkscreen 22 x 14” (55.9 x 35.6 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Cleaver for President, 1968
Silkscreen
22 x 14” (55.9 x 35.6 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: Cleaver For President of the United States of America, 1968 Lithograph 22 x 17” (55.9 x 43.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Cleaver For President of the United States of America, 1968
Lithograph
22 x 17” (55.9 x 43.2 cm)

Designer unknown Poster: Cleaver for President. Peggy Terry for V.P., 1968 Lithograph 22 x 17” (55.9 x 43.2 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Poster: Cleaver for President. Peggy Terry for V.P., 1968
Lithograph
22 x 17” (55.9 x 43.2 cm)

Chairman of the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party: Fred Hampton (1948–1969)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party poster: “I am a Revolutionary.” Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman I11, Chapter, Black Panther Party, c. 1971 Lithograph 18 x 24” (45.7 x 61 cm) — [**Emory Douglas**] (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party poster: “I am a Revolutionary.” Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman I11, Chapter, Black Panther Party, c. 1971
Lithograph
18 x 24” (45.7 x 61 cm)

Designer unknown Flyer: In Honor of Fred Hampton (1948-1969), 1969 Photocopy 13 7/8 x 10 7/8” (35.2 x 27.6 cm) — **Designer unknown**
Flyer: In Honor of Fred Hampton (1948-1969), 1969
Photocopy
13 7/8 x 10 7/8” (35.2 x 27.6 cm)

Black Panther Minister of Culture: Emory Douglas (born 1943)

With his command of direct visual form and understanding of inexpensive reproductive technologies, Douglas established a powerful visual identity for the Black Panther Party predicated on mass dissemination.

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party poster: Untitled, 1968 Lithograph 22 3/4 x 8 3/4” (57.8 x 22.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party poster: Untitled, 1968
Lithograph
22 3/4 x 8 3/4” (57.8 x 22.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Maquette for poster: No More Riots Two’s and Three’s, c. 1970 Collage with gouache, ink, pencil, and cut paper 13 x 11 1/2” (33 x 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Maquette for poster: No More Riots Two’s and Three’s, c. 1970
Collage with gouache, ink, pencil, and cut paper
13 x 11 1/2” (33 x 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Back cover of the newspaper: The Black Panther, vol. V, no. 15 (October 10, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Back cover of the newspaper: *The Black Panther*, vol. V, no. 15 (October 10, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party greeting card with revolutionary Cuban proverb: “If I should return, I shall kiss you. If I should fall on the way, I shall ask you to do as I have in the name of the revolution,” c. 1968-1973 … — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party greeting card with revolutionary Cuban proverb: “If I should return, I shall kiss you. If I should fall on the way, I shall ask you to do as I have in the name of the revolution,” c. 1968-1973
[Offset lithograph]
7 x 5” (17.8 x 12.7 cm), folded

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Poster: No More Riots Two’s and Three’s, c. 1970 Lithograph 29 7/8 x 22 3/4” (75.9 x 57.8 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Poster: No More Riots Two’s and Three’s, c. 1970
Lithograph
29 7/8 x 22 3/4” (75.9 x 57.8 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Back cover of the newspaper: The Black Panther, vol. V, no. 25 (December 19, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Back cover of the newspaper: *The Black Panther*, vol. V, no. 25 (December 19, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Black Panther Party poster: All Power to the People, 1969 Lithograph 14 7/8 x 22 3/4” (37.8 x 57.8 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Black Panther Party poster: All Power to the People, 1969
Lithograph
14 7/8 x 22 3/4” (37.8 x 57.8 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Poster: H. Rap Brown, 1967 Lithograph 17 1/2 x 22” (44.5 x 55.9 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Poster: H. Rap Brown, 1967
Lithograph
17 1/2 x 22” (44.5 x 55.9 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Back cover of the newspaper: The Black Panther, vol. III, no. 21 (September 13, 1969). Seize the Time Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 11 1/2 x 17 5/8” (29.2 x 44.8 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Back cover of the newspaper: *The Black Panther*, vol. III, no. 21 (September 13, 1969). Seize the Time
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
11 1/2 x 17 5/8” (29.2 x 44.8 cm)

The Black Panther: Black Community News Service (after February 1971, subtitle changed to: Intercommunal News Service; San Francisco; 1967-80). Judy Juanita (born 1946), general editor.

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. IV, no. 5 (January 3, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. IV, no. 5 (January 3, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. V, no. 15 (October 10, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. V, no. 15 (October 10, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. VI, no. 5 (February 27, 1971) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. VI, no. 5 (February 27, 1971)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. IV, no. 24 (May 19, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. IV, no. 24 (May 19, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. V, no. 20 (November 14, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. V, no. 20 (November 14, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. VI, no. 11 (April 10, 1971) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. VI, no. 11 (April 10, 1971)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. V, no. 11 (September 12, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. V, no. 11 (September 12, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. V, no. 25 (December 19, 1970) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. V, no. 25 (December 19, 1970)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Emory Douglas (American, born 1943) Newspaper cover: The Black Panther, vol. VI, no. 19 (June 5, 1971) Two color offset lithograph on newsprint 17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm) — **Emory Douglas** (American, born 1943)
Newspaper cover: *The Black Panther*, vol. VI, no. 19 (June 5, 1971)
Two color offset lithograph on newsprint
17 5/8 × 11 1/2" (44.8 × 29.2 cm)

Black Politics: A Journal of Liberation (Berkeley; 1968-1969). Richard Aoki (under the pseudonym Richard Assegai), Tom Sanders, and Ed Turner, co-editors.